One way to avoid this is to paint your figure with an enamel
base coat and then add the wash. Many people don't like to mess
with enamels, though. So here is another option to apply a water-based
wash over water-based paint.
When you make your wash,
wipe with a rag moistened (not soaked) with paint thinner/mineral
spirits, and do it immediately before the wash has a chance to
dry. A little of the base color will come off but if you have
multiple coats and you don't wipe hard it should be fine.